One Person Company,under the Companies Act, 2013.

An OPC is incorporated through SPICe+ (Simplified Proforma for Incorporating a Company Electronically Plus) on the MCA21 portal — the same combined web form used for a Pvt Ltd. The form covers name reservation, incorporation, DIN allotment, PAN, TAN, EPFO, ESIC, GST registration, and bank account opening in one workflow. The OPC-specific addition is Form INC-3, the nominee's consent.

The forms in the bundle

• SPICe+ Part A
  Name reservation. Two proposed names submitted in priority order; MCA approves one within 1–3 working days.
• SPICe+ Part B
  The incorporation form proper. Carries the sole member's details, capital structure, registered office, and the nominee's identification.
• INC-3
  Nominee consent — a written declaration by the nominee accepting their nomination. Mandatory and OPC-specific.
• INC-9
  Statutory declaration by the subscriber and director affirming compliance with the Companies Act provisions.
• INC-33 / INC-34
  The e-Memorandum and e-Articles of Association, generated from the company's chosen object, capital, and operational clauses.
• AGILE-PRO-S
  Allied registrations — PAN, TAN, EPFO, ESIC, profession tax (where applicable), GST (optional), and bank account opening.

Every form is digitally signed by the sole member-director using a Class 3 DSC, and SPICe+ is certified by a practising professional who affixes a digital signature and a UDIN generated through the ICSI portal.

Ten to fifteen working days from the date the documents are complete. The pace is set largely by MCA processing times at each stage.

1. Days 1–2

   Online filing, payment, and DSC video KYC

   You complete the online form, e-sign the engagement letter via Aadhaar, and pay. DSC video KYC is scheduled — a 15-minute slot via webcam. The nominee's INC-3 consent template is sent for offline signature.

2. Days 2–3

   Document upload and validation

   DigiLocker pulls KYC where available; you upload office address proof, the NOC, and the nominee's signed INC-3. Each document is validated for MCA acceptability.

3. Days 3–5

   Name reservation

   Two proposed names submitted via SPICe+ Part A. We run a real-time MCA database check and a basic trademark check before submission. MCA typically approves within 1–3 working days.

4. Days 5–8

   MoA, AoA, declarations drafted

   Object clauses tailored to your business; AoA drafted with OPC-specific provisions. INC-9 declaration, DIR-2 director consent, MBP-1 disclosure of interest, and the INC-3 nominee consent are all assembled and e-signed via Aadhaar.

5. Days 8–10

   SPICe+ filed under our hand

   Once the name is approved, the full SPICe+ Part B + AGILE-PRO-S bundle, with INC-3 attached, is filed. Bhargav Rajurkar, as Practising Company Secretary, signs the form, generates a UDIN, and submits.

6. Days 10–15

   MCA approval and delivery

   MCA processes within 2–5 working days. The Certificate of Incorporation (Form INC-11), MoA, AoA, PAN, and TAN are delivered to your dashboard. Hard copies are couriered to the registered office.

The Certificate of Incorporation is the start of the OPC's statutory life. The first 180 days carry their own filings and resolutions, all bundled into the standard incorporation engagement.

• ADT-1 — auditor appointment (within 30 days)

  The first auditor is appointed by the Board within 30 days of incorporation; ADT-1 is filed with the Registrar.

• First board meeting (within 30 days)

  An OPC's board may consist of one director — the sole member. Where there is only one director, no board meeting is required for that period; resolutions are recorded by the sole director and entered in the minutes book (Section 122).

• Bank account opened

  We provide an introduction letter and certified copies of CoI, MoA, AoA, and the INC-3. Account opening is completed by you with the chosen bank.

• Allotment of subscriber shares (within 60 days)

  The sole member is allotted shares as per the MoA subscription clause. A share certificate is issued under the seal of the company.

• INC-20A — declaration of commencement (within 180 days)

  Declaration that the subscribed share capital has been received. Filed within 180 days of incorporation. Without it, the company cannot commence business or borrow.

Year one calendar

• First board meeting (if more than one director)Within 30 days
• DIR-3 KYC for the directorBy 30 September
• First AGMWithin 9 months of FY end
• AOC-4 (financials)Within 30 days of AGM
• MGT-7A (small-company annual return)Within 60 days of AGM
• Income tax return (ITR-6)By 31 October (audit cases)

A One Person Company is defined under Section 2(62) of the Companies Act, 2013, as a company which has only one person as a member. Introduced in 2013, the OPC was designed to give a single founder access to corporate-structure benefits — separate legal entity, limited liability, perpetual succession — without the need for a co-founder or partner.

An OPC has the same two constitutional documents as any other company — the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association. They are filed at incorporation and remain binding for the company's life.

The OPC's MoA additionally records the nominee's name and consent reference. The AoA carries OPC-specific provisions — particularly around board procedure, member resolutions (recorded in the minutes book in lieu of meetings where there is only one director), and the steps to follow if a conversion to another form of company is sought later.

What sets the OPC's articles apart

1. i.

   Sole-member procedure

   Provisions allowing decisions to be taken by the sole member and recorded in the minutes book — without the need for a meeting (Section 122).

2. ii.

   Nominee provisions

   The mechanism by which the nominee replaces the sole member in the event of the member's death or incapacity.

3. iii.

   Conversion enabling clauses

   Provisions allowing the OPC to be converted to a Pvt Ltd or Public Ltd voluntarily at any time, without crossing any threshold.

• Corporate structure for one person

  An OPC gives a single founder access to limited liability and a separate legal entity — without the need for a co-founder. The closest single-founder alternative, sole proprietorship, gives no liability protection and no separate identity.

• Lighter compliance than a Pvt Ltd

  OPC files MGT-7A (small-company annual return) in lieu of MGT-7. No AGM is required. Where there is only one director, no board meetings are needed; the sole director records resolutions in the minutes book under Section 122.

• Perpetual succession via nominee

  The mandatory nominee preserves continuity. On the member's death, the nominee steps in seamlessly — no winding up, no forced sale of assets, no contract renegotiations.

• Convertible to Pvt Ltd

  The OPC can be converted to a Pvt Ltd voluntarily at any time after two years of incorporation. This makes the OPC a viable starting structure for solo founders who may bring on co-founders or external investors later.

• Tax-favourable for small operations

  Profits are taxed at the standard corporate rate (or the concessional rates available to companies meeting the conditions). Dividends are taxed in the shareholder's hands. Specific rates and elections sit with your CA — we do not file taxes.

And the trade-offs, honestly

• Cannot raise external equity

  An OPC cannot have a second shareholder. Angel and venture investments are simply not available in this form. Plan to convert to Pvt Ltd before any external round.

• Mandatory statutory audit

  As with any company, an OPC must be audited every year regardless of revenue. There is no turnover-based exemption.

• Two-year cooling period for conversion

  An OPC cannot voluntarily convert to a Pvt Ltd or Public Ltd before completing two years from incorporation (subject to limited exceptions). This is a real constraint if your roadmap requires faster restructuring.

• Cannot conduct certain activities

  An OPC cannot carry on Non-Banking Financial Investment activities, including investment in securities of any body corporate. It also cannot be incorporated or converted into a Section 8 company (charitable).

An OPC observes the same recurring cycle of filings and disclosures as any company, but with the small-company dispensations that come from being a single-shareholder entity.

• AOC-4

  Section 137
  Within 30 days of (deemed) AGM
  Annual filing of audited financial statements. Although an OPC is not required to hold an AGM, a deemed AGM date is reckoned from the financial year-end for filing purposes.
• MGT-7A

  Section 92
  Within 60 days of (deemed) AGM
  Annual return for small companies and OPCs. A simplified version of MGT-7, applicable to OPCs by virtue of their single-shareholder structure.
• DIR-3 KYC
  By 30 September each year
  Annual KYC for the director with an active DIN. Failure to file deactivates the DIN; reactivation costs ₹5,000.
• Board meetings

  Section 173(5)
  Two per year (one in each half)
  An OPC with one director is exempt from the meeting requirement (Section 122). An OPC with more than one director must hold a minimum of two meetings, one in each half of the year, with a minimum gap of 90 days.
• Statutory audit
  Annually
  Mandatory regardless of revenue. The auditor is appointed for a five-year term at the deemed first AGM.
• Income tax return (ITR-6)
  By 31 October (audit cases)
  Corporate income-tax return.

The name

The proposed name must end with the words "OPC Private Limited" — a Pvt Ltd's suffix prefixed by "OPC" to identify the structure. The name must not be identical or too similar to an existing company, LLP, or registered trademark in the relevant class (Rule 8 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014). It must not contain restricted words — Bank, NBFC, Insurance, Mutual Fund, Stock Exchange, Government — without prior approval from the relevant regulator.

We submit two proposed names in priority order via SPICe+ Part A; one free resubmission is available if both are rejected.

The registered office

Every OPC must have a registered office in India from the date of incorporation. The premises may be commercial, residential, or a virtual office service. A residential address requires a No-Objection Certificate from the owner; a rented address requires both an NOC and the rental agreement.

A utility bill issued within the last two months in the owner's name is filed as address proof. The company must display its name, registered office address, and Corporate Identity Number outside every place of business and on every official document, letterhead, and invoice.